What the audit checked and corrected

Previously: August 6, 2026

Corrected: Reported August 6, 2026; meeting date under verification

Previously: Prospective nonrenewal; contract expires at the end of September and immediate removal is not established

Corrected: Nonrenewal announced; end-of-September expiration reported; completed shutdown and removal not verified

Previously: Sheriff Ross Teeple announced the exit at a Board of Supervisors meeting and cited his constitutional and data-security concerns. The official follow-up says the agreement remains in force until its end-of-September expiration, so this is not recorded as an immediate cancellation or completed physical removal.

Corrected: Jen Barber reported Sheriff Ross Teeple’s nonrenewal announcement on August 6 and described a Wednesday Board of Supervisors meeting. The meeting date needs confirmation from the minutes. The linked sheriff’s follow-up places expiration at the end of September. The sources do not establish completed termination, camera removal or deletion of retained data.

Previously: September 8, 2026

Corrected: Reported September 8, 2026; September 21 outcome under verification

Previously: Public hearing and possible council vote scheduled for September 21

Corrected: Council scheduled a hearing and possible vote on the ALPR program

Previously: Pending review; all eight readers remain active

Corrected: September 21 hearing outcome unverified; the September 8 report described eight active readers

Previously: After a public council debate, the mayor announced a hearing and possible vote on whether to remove, pause, or keep the program. The town has not suspended collection, ordered removal, or approved contract termination. Police safeguards and arrest figures reported at the meeting are department claims, not independent audit findings.

Corrected: The September 8 report said a September 21 hearing could consider keeping, pausing or removing the program. That date has passed. Minutes or an official outcome are needed before reporting a vote, continued operation, suspension or contract termination. Police safeguards and arrest figures in the earlier account remain agency statements.

Previously: Restricted-use operational pause; seven state-road readers to be removed

Corrected: Routine use paused with emergency access retained; state-road removal count under verification

Previously: Routine use is paused, but the police chief may authorize access for exigent circumstances involving immediate threats to life or great bodily harm. No contract cancellation, full shutdown, or permanent prohibition was announced.

Corrected: The September 1 report describes a pause in routine Flock and Axon use, with police-chief authorization available for immediate threats to life or great bodily harm. It does not establish contract cancellation or complete shutdown. The previously listed seven-reader removal count needs a supporting official record.

Previously: September 4, 2026

Corrected: Suspended September 4; zero-camera status reported September 23, 2026

Previously: Flock cameras suspended and deactivated immediately

Corrected: Cottonwood reduces its 11-camera Flock network to zero

Previously: Temporary operational suspension; council review scheduled September 22

Corrected: Operational removal reported after council work session; no permanent technology ban or enacted ordinance

Previously: The city manager and police chief suspended the program, notified Flock, and said staff may physically cover the cameras. The suspension remains in effect until the City Council considers the program; no permanent ban or contract cancellation has been adopted.

Corrected: Jen Barber reports that the city moved from the earlier suspension and covered cameras to a zero-camera Flock network after the September 22 work session. The report leaves future technology open only after greater public involvement. Contract closeout, retained-data deletion and any future procurement remain under verification.

Previously: https://journalaz.com/2026/09/04/city-of-cottonwood-suspends-flock-cameras-effective-immediately/

Corrected: https://www.jens2cents.com/p/cameras-come-down-in-cottonwood

Previously: September 2, 2026

Corrected: Proposal reported September 2, 2026; later disposition under verification

Previously: Pending proposal; no board vote yet

Corrected: Contract-ending proposal reported; subsequent board action not verified

Previously: A county commissioner said he would introduce a resolution ending county ALPR contracts, removing cameras from county roads and rights of way, and recommending similar municipal action. The resolution had not been adopted when reported.

Corrected: Commissioner Vince Nowicki said he would ask the board the following week to end county ALPR contracts, remove county-road readers and recommend similar municipal action. The September 2 report establishes the proposal, but does not establish whether the board later considered, adopted or rejected it.

Previously: September 4, 2026

Corrected: Proposals reported September 4, 2026; commission discussion September 10

Previously: Competing expansion and 90-day moratorium resolutions scheduled

Corrected: Commission discussed competing ALPR proposals and access to privately owned Flock cameras

Previously: Pending September 10 proposals; no commission vote yet

Corrected: September 10 discussion documented; exact disposition of the proposed resolutions under verification

Previously: One proposed resolution would allocate up to $50,000 for readers on consenting private property. A competing proposal would pause new installations for 90 days and require audits, inspector-general review, stricter historical-search approval, and shorter retention. Neither proposal is adopted policy.

Corrected: The earlier report described private-property installations and a proposed 90-day installation pause. The September 10 meeting has occurred; its minutes are needed to confirm the motions and votes. The city’s Motorola/Vigilant and Axon readers must be distinguished from HOA-owned Flock cameras and police access to those cameras. Ending one form of access would not establish an end to all municipal ALPR use.

Previously: null

Corrected: https://miamibeachfl.new.swagit.com/videos/400548

Previously: September 1, 2026

Corrected: September 8, 2026

Previously: CRA board removed fiscal-year 2027 camera-equipment funding

Corrected: Commission directs termination and removal of 41 state-road cameras; requests options for remaining cameras

Previously: Future funding removed; citywide contract decision remains pending

Corrected: Partial termination and removal ordered; remaining cameras under review; physical completion unverified

Previously: The redevelopment agency board voted 5-0 to remove future equipment-rental funding. State-road cameras will be removed, but the city is still evaluating wider use and potential contract-cancellation costs ahead of further commission discussion.

Corrected: The official city update records two unanimous directions: terminate and remove 41 Flock cameras in state rights-of-way, and return with options for the remaining cameras. This followed the September 1 CRA decision to remove fiscal-year 2027 rental funding. The update does not confirm completed removal or a decision ending every city camera. School-zone speed enforcement is a separate program.

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.panamacity.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/811

Previously: September 15, 2026

Corrected: Department safeguards announced September 15; ordinance introduced September 21, 2026

Previously: Police revise access and audit controls while broader citywide standards remain proposed

Corrected: Police change access and audits; council receives a broader surveillance oversight ordinance

Previously: Department safeguards active; 79 flagged searches under review; legislation not yet introduced

Corrected: Department safeguards reported active; citywide ordinance introduced and pending; flagged searches still under review

Previously: Atlanta Police says it revised its policy, began monthly audits and restricted outside access. A city audit flagged 79 of 115,578 searches for additional investigation, but a flag is not a confirmed violation. The mayor separately announced broader citywide camera standards for planned September 21 introduction; council has not introduced or adopted that proposal.

Corrected: Atlanta Police reported revised access controls and monthly audits. The city identified 79 of 115,578 searches for review; flagged entries are not established violations. Atlanta News First reports that the broader ordinance was introduced September 21. It proposes risk-based approval, public reporting and additional oversight. Introduction is not enactment; the bill number, final vote and effective date still need an official legislative record.

Previously: https://www.atlantaga.gov/Home/Components/News/News/16794/672?category=1&studio=128

Corrected: https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/09/22/atlanta-weighs-sweeping-rules-monthly-audits-surveillance-tech/

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.atlantaga.gov/Home/Components/News/News/16794/672?category=1&studio=128

Previously: September 16, 2026

Corrected: Software vote September 16, 2026; safeguards reported September 24

Previously: Commission unanimously declines renewal of FlockOS software contract while retaining city-owned Flock cameras

Corrected: Commission declines FlockOS renewal while cameras remain; police describe tighter search and retention rules

Previously: Final software nonrenewal effective November 18; ALPR collection continues through other software

Corrected: Software nonrenewal effective November 18; ALPR continues; additional safeguards partly announced and partly pending

Previously: Commissioners voted not to renew the roughly $60,000 FlockOS dashboard contract after the police chief recommended other vendor software. Boynton Beach will continue using the Flock camera hardware it bought in 2023. This is a partial vendor and software exit, not an ALPR cancellation, operational pause, camera removal, privacy restriction or misuse finding.

Corrected: Commissioners unanimously declined the roughly $60,000 FlockOS dashboard renewal. The city-owned camera hardware will continue operating through other software. Police also reported requiring case numbers and planning to shorten retention from 30 to seven days. Those settings are agency statements, not independent audit findings. Further access and sharing rules were expected in an October 6 draft. The software exit does not establish camera removal or a complete ALPR shutdown.

Previously: Announced September 11, 2026; implementation date not specified

Corrected: Announced September 11, 2026; safeguards implemented earlier in 2026

Previously: Police narrow Flock access and add mandatory case-purpose entries and weekly audits

Corrected: Police reduce access and require case-purpose entries and weekly audits

Previously: After an internal misuse investigation, Braselton Police said it reduced authorized users from 23 to 14, limited access to supervisors and specialized units, required a case number and law-enforcement purpose for each search, enabled software that flags and blocks abnormal use pending review, and instituted weekly command-staff log checks. The Flock system remains active, and these controls are department-described safeguards rather than an independently verified audit finding.

Corrected: Braselton Police said it reduced authorized users from 23 to 14, required a case number and law-enforcement purpose for each search, and began weekly search-log audits earlier in 2026. The system remains in use. These are department-described controls. The linked report does not establish supervisors-only access or software that automatically blocks abnormal searches.

Previously: September 3, 2026

Corrected: September 30, 2026

Previously: 163

Corrected: 247

Previously: The Institute for Justice legal institute database reports 163 contract cancellations as of September 3, 2026 and excludes pauses and provider switches. The state directory below also includes separately sourced decisions in this tracker; it is not a count of cameras physically removed. Current decision records distinguish announced exits, nonrenewals, pauses, partial reductions, and continuing ALPR use.

Corrected: The Institute for Justice reports 247 jurisdictions in its September 30, 2026 cancellation database. That is an external-source count, not this site’s independently verified total. The source excludes pauses and provider changes, but individual entries can require correction or further verification.

Previously: null

Corrected: Idaho

Previously: null

Corrected: Blaine County

Previously: null

Corrected: September 21, 2026

Previously: null

Corrected: Sheriff directs removal of one Carey camera and turns off automatic contract renewal

Previously: null

Corrected: Partial removal directed; contract runs to March 2027; future continuation not decided

Previously: null

Corrected: The sheriff’s official notice directs removal of one camera within Carey and says the county will avoid automatic renewal. The remaining contract continues through March 2027 while officials seek public discussion before deciding whether to continue. Removal timing depends on the vendor. This is not a confirmed countywide end to ALPR use.

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.blainecountyid.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/733

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.blainecountyid.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/733

Previously: Commissioners canceled the Flock contract; sheriff disabled access and national sharing

Corrected: Commissioners directed cancellation of the Flock contract; sheriff disabled account access and national sharing

Previously: Contract cancellation and operational shutdown confirmed; physical removal and final closeout under verification

Corrected: Contract cancellation authorized and agency access disabled; hardware removal and contractual closeout under verification

Previously: Commissioners voted 4-0 to cancel the $219,000 agreement covering 36 cameras. The Sheriff's Office removed employee access, disabled national sharing, notified Flock and the SBI, and said it was ending participation. The available record does not yet establish when every camera will be physically removed or when contractual closeout will be complete.

Corrected: Commissioners voted 4-0 to cancel the $219,000 county agreement covering 20 cameras, according to WECT. The Sheriff's Office removed employee access, disabled national sharing and notified Flock and the SBI. SBI cameras and other municipal systems are outside this county action. Final contractual closeout, physical removal and whether every county camera has stopped collecting remain under verification.

Previously: Council voted 7-1 to end future funding and give Flock 30 days' removal notice

Corrected: Council voted 7-1 to authorize the city attorney to terminate the Flock relationship

Previously: Operational shutdown and exit direction approved; formal termination vote still expected

Corrected: Termination authorized and cameras covered; notice, vendor removal and contractual closeout under verification

Previously: All user accounts are disabled and the cameras are bagged. Council's 7-1 vote directs removal notice and omits future funding, but WBAY reported that a formal contract-termination vote is expected later in September. The tracker therefore does not yet label the contract legally terminated or every camera physically removed.

Corrected: Official September 8 minutes record a 7-1 vote authorizing the city attorney to terminate the city's relationship with Flock. The minutes say vendor removal would follow 30 days' notice. This supersedes the earlier expectation of a later termination vote. Cameras were already covered and accounts disabled; completed removal and final contractual closeout have not been established.

Previously: https://www.wbay.com/2026/09/09/neenah-menasha-waupaca-county-move-cut-ties-with-flock-cameras/

Corrected: https://menashawi.api.civicclerk.com/v1/Meetings/GetMeetingFileStream(fileId=535,plainText=false)

Previously: September 8, 2026

Corrected: September 16, 2026

Previously: Committee recommends termination after police disable every Flock account and login

Corrected: Common Council unanimously voted to defund Flock and end the city's use

Previously: Operational access disabled; full council termination decision pending

Corrected: Full-council exit approved; system deactivated, physical removal under verification

Previously: The Public Service and Safety Committee approved the police chief's recommendation to stop funding Flock and end the contract. Police had already deactivated all accounts and logins, and public works planned to cover the 12 readers. The recommendation now goes to the Common Council, so legal termination and physical removal are not yet complete.

Corrected: The full council approved ending Flock funding after the earlier committee recommendation. Police had already deactivated access. Officials said the cameras would be covered and Flock asked to remove them within 30 days. The city remains responsible for payments through year-end; completed hardware removal and final closeout have not been independently confirmed.

Previously: https://www.wbay.com/2026/09/09/neenah-menasha-waupaca-county-move-cut-ties-with-flock-cameras/

Corrected: https://fox11online.com/news/local/neenah-flock-common-council-unanimously-ends-use-of-automated-license-plate-reading-cameras-flock-safety-fourth-amendment-privacy-concerns-solving-investigations

Previously: September 6, 2026

Corrected: September 2026

Previously: County judge calls special meeting to revisit Flock contract and safeguards

Corrected: County judge requests review of the renewed Flock contract and safeguards

Previously: September 8 review scheduled; active contract and system unchanged

Corrected: Review requested; no suspension, cancellation or contract amendment confirmed

Previously: County Judge Lina Hidalgo called a special Commissioners Court meeting to examine the renewed contract, privacy safeguards, and access. The meeting call is a pending oversight action and does not itself suspend, cancel, or amend the program.

Corrected: County Judge Lina Hidalgo called for a Commissioners Court review of the contract and privacy safeguards. The linked report does not establish a September 8 Harris County review. The September 17 meeting transcript identifies October 15 as an intended follow-up discussion; the precise agenda and any proposed action remain under verification. The requested review does not itself change the active program.

Previously: September 3, 2026

Corrected: September 17, 2026

Previously: Council passes emergency-powers limits after Flock funding declaration

Corrected: Council overrode the mayor's veto of emergency-powers limits following the Flock funding dispute

Previously: Council approved; mayor has announced intent to veto

Corrected: Emergency-powers limits approved through veto override; Flock program not canceled

Previously: The amendment narrows emergency declarations, permits council termination of noncompliant orders, and restricts emergency bidding waivers. It followed the mayor's use of emergency authority to continue the 26-camera Flock contract. This is a governance safeguard, not a camera cancellation, and final enactment remains unresolved because the mayor announced a veto.

Corrected: Council overrode the veto of Local Law 4, limiting emergency declarations and providing a process for council review and termination. The measure followed the mayor's emergency declaration to continue Flock funding. This changes local emergency governance; the separate proposed 72-hour ALPR retention limit awaits an October 1 council vote.

Previously: https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/troy-council-installs-new-rules-mayoral-emergency-22414983.php

Corrected: https://www.wamc.org/news/2026-09-18/troy-council-limits-mayor-emergency-powers

Previously: The county sheriff and four municipal police chiefs jointly said they were discontinuing Flock use because of data-control and product-expansion concerns. The report does not provide separate contract-closeout or hardware-removal dates for each agency.

Corrected: This row covers the county sheriff and the police departments of Fond du Lac, North Fond du Lac and Ripon, which joined a coordinated announcement ending Flock use. Waupun's related action is tracked separately. Individual contract-closeout and hardware-removal dates for these four agencies remain under verification.

Previously: Amherst, Bedford, Charlotte, Halifax, and Henry counties

Corrected: Amherst, Bedford, Halifax, and Henry counties

Previously: Temporary actions; no permanent cancellations reported

Corrected: Temporary pauses; permanent termination not verified for these four counties

Previously: WSET's September 3 evening update identifies temporary pauses in Amherst County, Bedford County, Charlotte County, Halifax County, and Henry County. The grouped entry avoids treating each overlapping announcement as a distinct news source or as a completed contract termination.

Corrected: WSET's September 3 update reported temporary pauses in these four county programs. Charlotte County's separate September 3 announcement of permanent discontinuance is tracked in its own entry. A temporary pause does not establish completed contract termination or camera removal.

Previously: September 15, 2026

Corrected: September 24, 2026

Previously: Police chief says 224 state-funded Flock cameras will be lost after funding freeze

Corrected: State-grant-funded Flock cameras shut down while the rest of Houston's network continues

Previously: Partial future funding loss identified; shutdown and removal dates remain unconfirmed

Corrected: Partial deactivation reported; no citywide cancellation

Previously: The 224 state-funded cameras are part of HPD's reported 553-camera inventory. Cameras financed by private businesses, management districts and other public entities are unaffected, so this is not a citywide cancellation or confirmed removal of every Houston reader.

Corrected: The Texas Tribune reports that Houston shuttered grant-funded cameras while leaving much of its network operating. Earlier Houston Chronicle reporting identified 224 state-funded cameras within HPD's reported 553-camera inventory. The exact shutdown date, final number deactivated and physical removal remain under verification; privately and otherwise funded cameras are not covered by this action.

Previously: https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/article/flock-cameras-abbott-police-privacy-22417690.php

Corrected: https://www.texastribune.org/2026/09/24/texas-flock-cameras-state-funding-local-cities-counties-reaction/

Previously: The town paused installation of additional Flock cameras, reduced retention for existing cameras from 30 days to seven, announced a public transparency portal, and said an independent third party would audit the program. Existing readers remain active; a possible broader pause is unresolved and no cancellation has been approved.

Corrected: The town announced a pause on new installations, seven-day retention for existing cameras, a transparency portal and an independent audit. Existing readers remain active. The council has scheduled an ALPR public hearing for September 28, 2026 at 7 p.m.; a broader pause or cancellation has not been confirmed.

Previously: null

Corrected: Virginia

Previously: null

Corrected: Charlotte County

Previously: null

Corrected: September 3, 2026

Previously: null

Corrected: Sheriff announced permanent discontinuance of Flock use

Previously: null

Corrected: Permanent operational discontinuance announced; removal and contractual closeout under verification

Previously: null

Corrected: The Sheriff's Office's September 3 announcement says the county will permanently discontinue Flock. This supersedes the earlier temporary-pause description. The announcement does not establish the date every camera was physically removed or final contract-closeout terms.

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.charlottecountyva.gov/news_detail_T16_R214.php

Previously: null

Corrected: Texas

Previously: null

Corrected: Burnet County

Previously: null

Corrected: August 2026; reported September 5, 2026

Previously: null

Corrected: County removed Flock hardware after vandalism while the agreement remained in force

Previously: null

Corrected: Operational removal reported; contract not terminated and scheduled to expire March 2027

Previously: null

Corrected: Chron reported that the county removed all of its Flock cameras in early August after vandalism, but had not terminated the agreement. Do not count the removal as a completed contract cancellation. The original report gives March 2027 as the expiration date; any later termination or nonrenewal decision remains under verification.

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.chron.com/texas/article/flock-cameras-texas-22417789.php

Previously: null

Corrected: California

Previously: null

Corrected: Albany

Previously: null

Corrected: September 8, 2026; contract expiry September 11

Previously: null

Corrected: Council rejected a replacement system and allowed the fixed Flock network contract to expire

Previously: null

Corrected: Fixed-network nonrenewal; separate parking-enforcement pilot continues; physical removal under verification

Previously: null

Corrected: Original Albany Scanner reporting records a 4-0 vote with one abstention against replacement. This does not end the separate parking-enforcement ALPR pilot. Hardware removal and final contract closeout need separate confirmation.

Previously: null

Corrected: https://www.albanyscanner.com/2026/09/09/city/albany-rejects-license-plate-cameras-flock-contract-ends/

Previously: United States: Office of the Solicitor General, argued by Michael R. Dreeben. Antoine Jones: Stephen C. Leckar of Shainis & Peltzman, with O'Melveny & Myers LLP on the briefs.

Corrected: Antoine Jones: Stephen C. Leckar, Shainis & Peltzman. United States: Office of the Solicitor General, Donald B. Verrilli Jr. as counsel of record; Michael R. Dreeben argued. Amicus counsel included Catherine Crump (ACLU), Jeffrey T. Green (Sidley Austin, for NACDL and others), Marc Rotenberg (EPIC), and Andrew J. Pincus (Mayer Brown, for CDT and others); see Supreme Court docket for the complete historical list.

Previously: Timothy Carpenter: ACLU Foundation and Harold Gurewitz, with Nathan F. Wessler arguing. United States: Office of the Solicitor General, argued by Michael R. Dreeben.

Corrected: Timothy Ivory Carpenter: Nathan Freed Wessler, ACLU, and Harold Gurewitz, Gurewitz and Raben PLC. United States: Office of the Solicitor General; Noel J. Francisco as counsel of record, Michael R. Dreeben argued. Amicus counsel included Andrew Crocker (EFF) and Wesley Hottot (Institute for Justice); complete historical appearances are in the Supreme Court docket.

Previously: Binding federal appellate precedent in the Fifth Circuit

Corrected: Published Fifth Circuit precedent; Supreme Court petition No. 26-5121 filed July 15, 2026 and distributed for the September 28, 2026 conference. Review has not been granted in the checked docket.

Previously: This is a direct appellate ruling favorable to warrantless ALPR use, but its reasoning depends on the scope and comprehensiveness of the records actually obtained.

Corrected: The Fifth Circuit rejected the Fourth Amendment challenge on this record. Porter asks the Supreme Court to review warrantless ALPR database access; that petition is a party argument, not a new holding. The government requested a hold because of a separate firearm issue.

Previously: Elijah Porter: federal defense counsel listed in the appellate docket. United States: U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Mississippi. Full firm and attorney details are being verified.

Corrected: Elijah Porter: Victoria Elizabeth McIntyre, Office of the Federal Public Defender, Southern District of Mississippi; the Fifth Circuit docket also lists Omodare Jupiter. United States: Fifth Circuit docket lists Hunter L. McCreight and Gaines H. Cleveland; Supreme Court counsel of record is Solicitor General D. John Sauer.

Previously: April 1, 2025

Corrected: March 31, 2025

Previously: Federal trial court ruling, not circuit precedent

Corrected: Federal district-court dismissal; appeal No. 25-1847 pending in the checked Seventh Circuit materials. No appellate merits ruling verified.

Previously: The court dismissed a Fourth Amendment challenge to Illinois's expressway ALPR program, finding the system alleged in the complaint was not comprehensive enough to invade privacy in the whole of a person's movements.

Corrected: The district court rejected the challenge to roadside plate-image collection. It separately found plaintiffs lacked standing to challenge prospective database queries and applied sovereign-immunity limits to state defendants. This trial-court decision is not Seventh Circuit precedent.

Previously: Plaintiffs: Institute for Justice. Illinois State Police and state defendants: Office of the Illinois Attorney General.

Corrected: Plaintiffs: Liberty Justice Center; Reilly Stephens and Jeffrey M. Schwab appear in the appeal materials. Bridget Conlan withdrew June 18, 2025. Illinois defendants: Anna W. Gottlieb appears in the appellate docket. United States as amicus: Michael Weisbuch, Department of Justice, on the July 6, 2026 brief.

Previously: After an ALPR misread a plate by one character, the court held that a jury could find officers lacked reasonable suspicion and used excessive force when they conducted a high risk stop without confirming the plate and vehicle information.

Corrected: The Ninth Circuit reversed summary judgment because factual disputes remained about reasonable suspicion, probable cause and excessive force after a plate-reader error. The decision permits litigation to continue; it does not adjudicate final liability.

Previously: Diane Green: Haddad & Sherwin LLP. San Francisco and officer defendants: San Francisco City Attorney's Office.

Corrected: Denise Green: Michael Haddad, Julia Sherwin and Gina Altomare, Haddad & Sherwin. San Francisco defendants: Christine Van Aken and James F. Hannawalt, San Francisco City Attorney's Office.

Previously: The majority held that the driver of an overdue rental vehicle lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy in its historical location records. It did not establish a general rule that every ALPR database search is outside the Fourth Amendment.

Corrected: The majority rejected Yang's challenge because he had not established a reasonable expectation of privacy in the overdue rental vehicle on this record. Judge Bea separately addressed database access in concurrence. The majority did not establish a general rule approving every ALPR search.

Previously: Bruce Yang: Office of the Federal Public Defender for the District of Nevada. United States: U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Nevada. Amici included Electronic Frontier Foundation and ACLU Foundation.

Corrected: Jay Yang: Cristen C. Thayer and Rene L. Valladares, Federal Public Defender, District of Nevada. United States: Nancy M. Olson, Phillip N. Smith Jr., Elizabeth O. White and Nicholas A. Trutanich. Amici: Jennifer Lynch and Andrew Crocker (EFF); Nathan Freed Wessler, Brett Max Kaufman and Jennifer Granick (ACLU); Amy M. Rose (ACLU of Nevada).

Previously: Evidentiary hearing ordered; suppression motion remains undecided

Corrected: Evidentiary hearing reported in a September 9, 2026 district-court order; constitutional merits and suppression remain undecided in the quoted excerpt. Primary order, docket, counsel and current status under verification.

Previously: Federal trial court ruling; not Ninth Circuit precedent; docket number and any appeal remain under verification

Corrected: Reported federal district-court order; primary order, docket number, counsel and appellate status under verification.

Previously: The court held that officers were not entitled to qualified immunity for using high risk stop tactics based only on suspicion that a vehicle was stolen, without facts suggesting the occupants were armed or dangerous.

Corrected: The Ninth Circuit reversed summary judgment for individual officers because, viewing disputed facts favorably to plaintiffs, they were not entitled to qualified immunity for the high-risk stop. It remanded claims against the officers while affirming the judgment for the City and LAPD on municipal-liability claims.

Previously: Together with Green, the decision reinforces that an alert is not a substitute for human verification and individualized assessment before a dangerous stop.

Corrected: Chinaryan concerns mistaken stolen-vehicle suspicion and a DMV plate mismatch, rather than an ALPR database-search ruling. Alongside Green, it supports individualized assessment before high-risk stop tactics.

Previously: Plaintiffs: Law Offices of John Burton and Hadsell Stormer Renick & Dai LLP. Los Angeles and officer defendants: Los Angeles City Attorney's Office.

Corrected: Plaintiffs: John Burton, Law Offices of John Burton; Morgan Ricketts, Hadsell Stormer Renick & Dai. City defendants: Sara Ugaz, Scott Marcus and Hydee F. Soto, Los Angeles City Attorney's Office.

Previously: Updated September 14, 2026

Corrected: January 27, 2026; appeal filed February 26, 2026

Previously: Trial court judgment on appeal; briefing complete and Fourth Circuit argument tentatively expected December 8-11, 2026

Corrected: District-court judgment on appeal in Fourth Circuit No. 26-1227; appellate merits outcome and argument date under verification.

Previously: Plaintiffs: Institute for Justice. City of Norfolk: Norfolk City Attorney's Office. Flock Safety participated through separate outside counsel in discovery proceedings.

Corrected: Plaintiffs: Michael B. Soyfer and Robert Frommer, Institute for Justice. Norfolk: Karla Soloria and Adam Daniel Melita of the City Attorney's Office; appellate docket also lists Elaine Janet Goldenberg and Daniel J. Kane (affiliations under verification). EFF/ACLU amici: Elizabeth Femia, Andrew Crocker, Jennifer Pinsof, Brett Max Kaufman, Nathan Freed Wessler and Matthew William Callahan. Other amicus appearances are linked in the appellate docket.

Previously: The court held that the limited database information used in that case, principally one image connected to the defendant's travel, did not invade a reasonable expectation of privacy. The court expressly recognized that a more developed record or a future with more cameras could present a different question.

Corrected: The Arizona Court of Appeals rejected Sidor's Fourth Amendment challenge to DEASIL records. Several records concerned other drivers' trips in the rental car, in which Sidor had no privacy interest; the image of his own trip did not disclose a comprehensive movement history. The decision does not authorize every ALPR database query.

Previously: Janelle Sidor: Law Office of Shawn B. Hamp, with Virginia L. Crews. State of Arizona: Arizona Attorney General's Office, with Jacob R. Lines.

Corrected: John Joseph Sidor: Virginia L. Crews, Law Office of Shawn B. Hamp. State of Arizona: Jacob R. Lines, Arizona Attorney General's Office.

Previously: The court held that raw ALPR scan data was not categorically exempt from disclosure as a record of a law enforcement investigation, although privacy and security concerns still had to be addressed through redaction or other safeguards.

Corrected: The California Supreme Court held that automatically collected ALPR records were not investigative records for that exemption. It nevertheless upheld withholding raw records under the public-interest catchall because of privacy and security concerns, and remanded whether anonymized or redacted data could be disclosed.

Previously: Petitioners: ACLU Foundation of Southern California and Electronic Frontier Foundation. Los Angeles: Los Angeles City Attorney's Office. County defendants: Collins Collins Muir + Stewart LLP.

Corrected: Requesters: Peter Bibring and Catherine Wagner (ACLU Foundation of Southern California); Jennifer Lynch (EFF). Los Angeles city counsel included Michael Feuer, Carlos de la Guerra, Debra Gonzales, Amy Jo Field, Lisa Berger and Heather Aubry. County counsel: Eric Brown, Tomas Guterres and James Jardin, Collins Collins Muir + Stewart. Amicus counsel included Katie Townsend (Reporters Committee) and Marc Rotenberg, Alan Butler, Jeramie Scott and Aimee Thomson (EPIC).

Previously: Plaintiff: Bursor & Fisher P.A. Parking Concepts: Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani LLP.

Corrected: Brendan P. Bartholomew: L. Timothy Fisher, Julia Venditti and Philip Fraietta, Bursor & Fisher. Parking Concepts: Craig Mariam, Michael Dailey and Katiuska Pimentel Vargas, Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani.

Previously: Plaintiffs and class: Edelson PC and Salahi PC. Digital Recognition Network: Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP.

Corrected: Guillermo Mata and Scott Aker: J. Aaron Lawson, Edelson PC. Digital Recognition Network: Nancy Stagg, Xiao Jing Diego Wu Min, Cole Ramey, Timothy Taylor and John Robinson, Kilpatrick. Amicus counsel included Matthew Cagle, Jacob Snow and Nicole Ozer (ACLU of Northern California), and Phillip Malone and Nina Srejovic (Stanford Juelsgaard Intellectual Property and Innovation Clinic).

Previously: Desmond McCarthy: Paul A. Bogosian. Commonwealth: Barnstable County District Attorney's Office. Amici included the Committee for Public Counsel Services, ACLU, and Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Corrected: Jason J. McCarthy: Paul A. Bogosian. Commonwealth: Elizabeth A. Sweeney, Assistant District Attorney, Barnstable. Amicus counsel included Matthew Spurlock and David Rassoul Rangaviz (CPCS); Ashley Gorski, Jessie Rossman, Matthew Segal and Nathan Freed Wessler (ACLU); Jennifer Lynch and Andrew Crocker (EFF); and David R. Fox for Digital Recognition Network.

Previously: April 26, 2018

Corrected: April 26, 2018; final decision October 22, 2020

Previously: Neal v. Fairfax County Police Department, 295 Va. 334

Corrected: Neal v. Fairfax County Police Department, 295 Va. 334 (2018), and Record Nos. 191127 / 191129 (2020)

Previously: Binding Virginia Supreme Court precedent on the state Data Act issue addressed

Corrected: Virginia Supreme Court statutory rulings; final 2020 decision reversed the injunction against passive ALPR use.

Previously: The court held that an ALPR database containing plate observations can qualify as an information system under Virginia's Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act and returned the case for further proceedings on whether the passive collection related to an agency need.

Corrected: In 2018, the court remanded whether the ALPR system was a statutory information system. In 2020, it held that the particular database lacked identifying particulars and a computerized link to owner information; officers needed separate manual database access. It therefore reversed the injunction under Virginia's Data Act. This is not a Fourth Amendment ruling authorizing all ALPR systems.

Previously: Harrison Neal: ACLU of Virginia, with pro bono counsel Rich Rosenthal Brincefield Manitta Dzubin & Kroeger LLP. Fairfax County Police Department: government counsel listed in the state court docket.

Corrected: Counsel names and complete appearances for the 2018 and 2020 proceedings remain under verification; the opened opinions did not establish a complete roster.

Previously: https://law.justia.com/cases/virginia/supreme-court/2018/170247.html

Corrected: https://law.justia.com/cases/virginia/supreme-court/2020/191127.html

Previously: May 5, 2026

Corrected: April 7, 2026

Previously: The court held that the Norfolk Flock search used in that prosecution was not a Fourth Amendment search because it captured exterior vehicle images on public roads, retained data for 30 days, and was not comparable to the comprehensive tracking in Carpenter.

Corrected: The Virginia Court of Appeals rejected the Fourth Amendment challenge to the limited ALPR records used here. The opinion describes still vehicle images and associated plate, time, location and vehicle-feature data. It does not resolve every use of a broader or more revealing surveillance network.

Previously: Delvin Robinson: Norfolk Public Defender's Office, with J. Barry McCracken. Commonwealth: Virginia Attorney General's Office, with Israel-David J.J. Healy.

Corrected: Eddie Eugene Robinson: J. Barry McCracken, Assistant Public Defender. Commonwealth: Israel-David J. J. Healy, Assistant Attorney General; Jason S. Miyares is listed on the historical brief. This is the opinion's counsel list, not a statement of the present Attorney General's identity.

Previously: January 29, 2026

Corrected: January 29, 2026; amended March 5, 2026

Previously: Unpublished state appellate ruling

Corrected: Unpublished Washington Court of Appeals decision, as amended; Supreme Court review petition No. 105237-5 filed April 6, 2026. Review outcome under verification.

Previously: The court held that one roadside ALPR photograph did not disturb private affairs under the Washington Constitution. It also discussed missing Flock data, an unproduced audit log, and the agency's deviation from its retention policy, but reversed dismissal because bad faith and prejudice were not established.

Corrected: The court reversed dismissal over missing Flock images after finding the record did not establish the required bad faith or prejudice, and rejected the constitutional challenge on the record presented. The amended opinion removes the assertion that the deputy inspected only one photograph. It is an unpublished, fact-specific decision.

Previously: Burk Simonson: Laura Michelle Chuang. State of Washington: Spokane County Prosecuting Attorney's Office, with Gretchen Eileen Verhoef.

Corrected: Simonson: Laura Michelle Chuang, Northwest Appellate Law PLLC. State: Gretchen Eileen Verhoef in the Court of Appeals. The May 13, 2026 answer to review lists Alexis M. Lundgren, Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, and Preston McCollam, Spokane County Prosecuting Attorney.

Previously: A federal magistrate judge denied five search warrant applications after finding that none established probable cause. The applications sought YouTube, Apple, and telephone account information connected to defendants and journalists. Later filings show that HSI separately used administrative summonses under 19 U.S.C. Section 1509. The court has not issued a final ruling deciding whether that use of Section 1509 was lawful.

Corrected: Magistrate Judge John Docherty denied five search-warrant applications for insufficient probable cause and directed any renewed applications to the same magistrate. The order does not decide the legality of later administrative summonses, suppression, dismissal, or the truth of defense allegations.

Previously: Government and warrant applications: U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Minnesota; individual government attorneys are under verification. The NACDL case tracker currently identifies Jill A. Brisbois for Chauntyll Allen, Abbe David Lowell for Don Lemon, Isabella Salomao Nascimento for Georgia Fort, Sarah Gad for Ian Austin, A. L. Brown for Jamael Lundy, Andrew S. Birrell for Jerome Richardson, Jordan S. Kushner for Nekima Levy-Armstrong, Robert D. Richman for Trahern Crews, and James S. Becker for William Kelly. Other defense appearances remain under verification. Press-freedom amici include the Knight First Amendment Institute and Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press.

Corrected: Government and warrant applications: U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Minnesota; individual government attorneys are under verification. The NACDL case tracker currently identifies Jill A. Brisbois for Chauntyll Allen, Abbe David Lowell for Don Lemon, Isabella Salomao Nascimento for Georgia Fort, Sarah Gad for Ian Austin, A. L. Brown for Jamael Lundy, Andrew S. Birrell for Jerome Richardson, Jordan S. Kushner for Nekima Levy-Armstrong, Robert D. Richman for Trahern Crews, and James S. Becker for William Kelly. Other defense appearances remain under verification. Press-freedom amici include the Knight First Amendment Institute and Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. The linked warrant order does not independently verify these later appearances; current appearances remain under primary-docket verification.

Previously: State trial-court summary judgment; appeal status not reported

Corrected: State trial-court disclosure ruling reported by ACLU of Massachusetts; signed order and docket details under verification.

Previously: ACLU of Massachusetts: Wolf Greenfield. Massachusetts State Police: counsel not identified in the linked announcement.

Corrected: ACLU of Massachusetts and Wolf Greenfield are identified in the September 2 announcement. Individual plaintiff counsel, State Police counsel and any intervenor appearances remain under verification.

Previously: Newly filed proposed class action; no class certified and no merits ruling

Corrected: Proposed class-action complaint filed August 25, 2026; checked materials establish allegations, not class certification, liability or relief. Current docket status under verification.

Previously: Plaintiff Grace Schulte: John C. Herman and Candace N. Smith of Herman Jones LLP. Defendant Flock Group Inc.: counsel under verification; no defense appearance was located in the public docket materials reviewed.

Corrected: Plaintiff: John C. Herman and Candace N. Smith, Herman Jones LLP, signed the complaint. Flock's defense counsel and any later appearances remain under verification.

Previously: Newly filed proposed class action; summons issued, no class certified and no merits ruling

Corrected: Proposed class action filed September 11, 2026. Public docket snapshot checked through September 14 shows initial filings; subsequent appearances, motions and orders remain under verification.

Previously: Plaintiff Jarrod Whitson and proposed class: John C. Herman and Candace N. Smith of Herman Jones LLP, with Mark S. Reich and Mark Jensen of Levi & Korsinsky, LLP. Defendant Flock Group, Inc.: counsel under verification; no defense appearance was located in the public docket materials reviewed through September 19, 2026.

Corrected: Previously reported plaintiff firms: Herman Jones LLP and Levi & Korsinsky, LLP; this audit could not independently confirm the complete current roster. The checked docket lists admission-related notices to Mark Reich and Mark Harold Jensen; those notices do not prove admission. Flock defense appearances and later changes remain under verification.

Previously: The official Senate Judiciary Committee page now provides a Senate video replay and written statements from Lindsey Isaacs, Institute for Justice legislative counsel Alasdair Whitney, Pinal County Sheriff Ross Teeple, cybersecurity engineer Benn Jordan and ACLU senior policy counsel Chad Marlow. The statements include Isaacs's account of her arrest and dismissed prosecution, Whitney's proposed warrant framework, Teeple's call for statutory boundaries, Jordan's security research and Marlow's policy advocacy.

Corrected: The official hearing record provides video and written statements from Lindsey Isaacs, Institute for Justice counsel Alasdair Whitney, Pinal County Sheriff Ross Teeple, researcher Benn Jordan and ACLU counsel Chad Marlow. Isaacs describes being wrongly arrested and the State later filing No Information; the other witnesses discuss movement tracking, safeguards, security research and proposed protections. Senator Durbin's office also posted an account of his questioning and an official questions clip.

Previously: The materials establish what the witnesses submitted and that the hearing occurred. They do not convert witness allegations, research claims or advocacy into committee findings, adjudicated facts, enacted law, compulsory process, an enforcement action or a judicial ruling. No committee report, member statements or questions for the record were posted at verification time.

Corrected: The hearing establishes what witnesses and senators said, not committee findings, adjudicated facts or enacted law. The reviewed hearing page does not post a committee report or questions for the record. A camera sighting in Isaacs's account should not be described as a proven plate-reading error. Proposals in testimony are not current nationwide ALPR rules.

Previously: Watch for member statements, exhibits, questions for the record, company or agency responses, follow-up letters, compulsory process, committee findings and proposed federal legislation.

Corrected: Watch for additional exhibits, questions for the record, company and agency responses, follow-up letters, compulsory process, committee findings and legislation.

Previously: Congressional inquiry; letters reported sent; no findings

Corrected: Congressional oversight inquiry; three signed letters published, no findings

Previously: Fox News reports that Sen. Josh Hawley sent oversight letters to Motorola Solutions, Verkada, and Axon seeking information about customer vehicle-data searches, retention, confirmed misuse since 2021, and safeguards requiring legitimate search justifications.

Corrected: Hawley's office published letters dated September 2 to Motorola Solutions, Verkada and Axon Enterprise. They seek documents and answers about searches, retention, misuse, justifications, accuracy, device capabilities and security, with a September 16 response deadline. The office announced the letters September 3.

Previously: The report describes information requests, not a judicial ruling, agency enforcement action, or finding that any company violated law. An official Senate release or published response was not located during this update.

Corrected: The letters are information requests, not subpoenas, enforcement orders or findings that the companies violated law. Questions about audio, biometrics or other data do not establish that every named product collects them. Public company responses to these three letters were not verified in this audit.

Previously: Watch for publication of the letters, company responses, a hearing, compulsory process, or proposed federal legislation.

Corrected: Watch for company responses, disclosed records, follow-up requests, compulsory process and committee findings.

Previously: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/three-new-companies-face-josh-hawley-investigation-ai-surveillance-vehicle-tracking

Corrected: https://www.hawley.senate.gov/hawley-expands-investigation-into-surveillance-cameras-warns-flock-competitors/

Previously: 2026 legislative session

Corrected: 2026 legislative session; last recorded action March 4, 2026

Previously: Pending, not current law

Corrected: 2026 proposal failed without enactment; not current law

Previously: The Senate engrossed proposal would require trackable case or incident numbers for access, user and time logging, documentation of outside agency access, annual audits, verification of alerts when practicable, and criminal penalties for intentional misuse. It also contains a broad public records restriction and exceptions that require close review.

Corrected: The 2026 Senate proposal would have required case or incident numbers, user and time logs, records of outside access, annual audits, alert verification when practicable and penalties for intentional misuse. It also proposed public-records restrictions and exceptions. These draft provisions did not become law.

Previously: Its audit, access, case number, and sharing provisions closely resemble the records being requested from Prescott Valley, but the bill must not be described as enacted law unless its status changes.

Corrected: Original Arizona reporting says the bill never reached a third reading, and the legislative tracker records it as dead in the chamber. Its draft safeguards may be compared with local practices, but they are not Arizona legal requirements.

Previously: 2026 legislative session

Corrected: 2026 legislative session; last recorded action February 24, 2026

Previously: Pending proposal, not current law

Corrected: 2026 proposal died in committee; not current law

Previously: A strike everything proposal addressed authorized purposes, training, access restrictions, case or incident numbers, system logging, interagency disclosure, and annual audits. Versions changed materially during the session.

Corrected: A strike-everything proposal addressed authorized purposes, training, access limits, case or incident numbers, query logging, interagency disclosure and annual audits. The draft changed during the session and was not enacted.

Previously: This should be tracked separately from SB 1111 because the two bills are not interchangeable and neither should be cited as law without confirming final action.

Corrected: The legislative tracker records the bill as dead in committee after a February 24 committee recommendation. The official linked striker memo describes a proposal, not operative law; it should not be conflated with SB 1111.

Previously: 2026 legislative session

Corrected: 2026 legislative session; last recorded action April 7, 2026

Previously: Pending proposal, not current law

Corrected: 2026 proposal failed without enactment; not current law

Previously: The proposal would regulate government mass surveillance networks, require public approval for deployment in specified circumstances, restrict aggregation and pattern of life analysis, and impose reporting and audit requirements.

Corrected: The Senate strike-everything proposal would have regulated government mass-surveillance networks, required voter approval in specified circumstances, restricted aggregation and pattern-of-life analysis, and imposed reporting and audit duties. It was not enacted.

Previously: This proposal is directly relevant to the argument that the legal unit of analysis is the whole surveillance network and not merely the cameras physically owned by one town.

Corrected: The legislative tracker records the bill as dead in the chamber. The linked Senate committee memo contains the surveillance proposal; earlier versions and some trackers retain the original firefighter-cancer-registry title. Neither title establishes enactment.

Previously: Proposal announced September 15, 2026; introduction scheduled September 21, 2026

Corrected: Announced September 15, 2026; introduced September 21, 2026

Previously: Administration proposal announced; not yet introduced or enacted

Corrected: Introduced ordinance; council consideration pending; not enacted

Previously: The announced legislation would require written policies for public-safety camera systems, user-access and training controls, retention and deletion rules, sharing standards, monthly internal audits, quarterly public reporting, annual independent review, a public technology inventory, contract-compliance checks and additional authorization before temporary or emergency deployments become permanent.

Corrected: The introduced proposal would classify surveillance tools by risk and require impact reports, use policies and panel review for higher-risk systems. It would require monthly police audits, quarterly reporting, annual independent audits for high-impact systems and public review before high-impact deployment. Vendors would be barred from monetizing city surveillance data for independent purposes.

Previously: The mayor's office announced the framework after an Atlanta Police audit flagged 79 of 115,578 searches for additional review. A flag is not a confirmed violation. Department policy revisions, monthly audits and narrower outside access are described as active administrative safeguards, but the broader citywide measure is not law unless and until council introduces and adopts it.

Corrected: Atlanta News First reports introduction on September 21. The formal ordinance number and later committee disposition remain under verification. The earlier police audit flagged 79 of 115,578 searches for review, not 79 confirmed violations. Existing departmental controls and this proposed citywide law are distinct.

Previously: https://www.atlantaga.gov/Home/Components/News/News/16794/672?category=1&studio=128

Corrected: https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/09/22/atlanta-weighs-sweeping-rules-monthly-audits-surveillance-tech/

Previously: Atlanta announced that the mayor will work with City Council to introduce citywide public-safety-camera standards on September 21. The proposal would require written policies, access and training controls, retention and sharing rules, monthly internal audits, quarterly public reporting, annual independent review, a public technology inventory and additional authorization before temporary deployments become permanent. An APD audit reviewed 115,578 searches and flagged 79 for additional investigation. A flag is not a confirmed violation, and the broader legislation has not yet been introduced or adopted. APD separately says it has revised policy, begun monthly audits and restricted outside access.

Corrected: The city’s September 15 announcement proposed citywide surveillance standards and reported an APD audit of 115,578 searches, with 79 flagged for further investigation. A flag is not a confirmed violation. APD separately described active policy revisions, monthly audits and narrower outside access. Subsequent Atlanta News First reporting confirms that the citywide ordinance was introduced September 21; it remains proposed legislation, with its formal number and later disposition under verification.

Previously: Official city announcement distinguishing active department safeguards and open audit review from proposed, not-yet-introduced legislation

Corrected: Official city announcement with subsequent original reporting distinguishing active police controls from a pending citywide ordinance

Previously: July 2025

Corrected: April 1, 2026

Previously: eastidahonews.com

Corrected: KMVT via East Idaho News

Previously: www.eastidahonews.com

Corrected: Jerome County sheriff searched for wife’s vehicle; AG declined prosecution

Previously: Sheriff George Oppedyk used a Flock system to search for his wife’s vehicle hundreds of times. Idaho’s Attorney General concluded that no crime was committed, but Oppedyk retired in April 2026, two years before his term of office ended.

Corrected: Records reviewed by KMVT describe more than 700 searches for Sheriff George Oppedyk’s wife’s vehicle between July and mid-September 2025. Oppedyk said he was testing system reliability. In a February 11 letter, the Idaho Attorney General’s Office found insufficient evidence to prove a crime beyond a reasonable doubt and declined prosecution; it did not determine that no crime occurred and said noncriminal policy violations were outside its authority. The April 1 report says Oppedyk announced an April 18 retirement, with transition assistance through August 7; it does not independently confirm those later events.

Previously: Stalking or personal tracking

Corrected: Audit and oversight

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original KMVT public-records reporting republished by East Idaho News; prosecutorial declination, not a judicial finding

Previously: August 2024

Corrected: September 8, 2025

Previously: sfstandard.com

Corrected: The San Francisco Standard

Previously: sfstandard.com

Corrected: Records show more than 1.6 million outside searches of San Francisco ALPR data

Previously: Out-of-state authorities ran more than 1.6 million searches of the city’s license plate reader data, including searches for immigration enforcement purposes, which are illegal under state law.

Corrected: The Standard reports that outside agencies ran more than 1.6 million queries of San Francisco ALPR data between at least August 2024 and February 2025, including at least 19 marked as ICE-related. The report does not establish how many queries returned records. Its assessment that sharing violated California restrictions is a reporting conclusion, not a judicial holding.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original public-records investigation; search volume and legal assessment attributed to the publication

Previously: May 2025

Corrected: May 29, 2025

Previously: 404media.co

Corrected: 404 Media

Previously: An officer with the Johnson County Sheriff’s Office ran a nationwide Flock search for a woman suspected of having an abortion.

Corrected: 404 Media reports that a Johnson County officer searched a nationwide network of more than 83,000 cameras for a woman who reportedly self-administered an abortion. The sheriff said relatives were concerned for her safety and described the search as a welfare effort. The report raises reproductive-health surveillance concerns; it does not establish through a court finding that the officer was investigating an abortion offense.

Previously: Non law enforcement use

Corrected: Outside access and network sharing

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original investigative reporting with the sheriff’s stated welfare-check explanation; purpose not adjudicated

Previously: March 2025

Corrected: August 7, 2026

Previously: riaclu.org

Corrected: ACLU of Rhode Island

Previously: LETTER Re: Flock Safety Photo Leads to False Arrest in Cumberland - ACLU of Rhode Island

Corrected: ACLU letter cites alleged false identification from a Cumberland Flock image

Previously: A woman filed an unlawful arrest lawsuit against the town after officers attempted to use a Flock photo to identify a driver of a car they were pursuing, and subsequently arrested the wrong person.

Corrected: An August 7 ACLU letter urges Cumberland to cancel its Flock contract and links the June 16 complaint in Pizzarelli v. Town of Cumberland, which alleges an unlawful arrest following mistaken identification. The attached police narrative describes comparing a driver’s image with a license photo and seeing a passenger. That supports human inspection of occupant images, not a finding that automated facial recognition was used. The false-arrest claim and ACLU’s legal criticism are not judicial holdings.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Legal institute advocacy and litigation material; complaint allegations and attached police narrative

Previously: August 2026

Corrected: August 20, 2026

Previously: 12onyourside.com

Corrected: 12 On Your Side / WWBT

Previously: After an internal review, Henrico County authorities revoked fire marshals’ access to the Flock system as state law prohibits such use.

Corrected: Henrico revoked Flock access for 10 fire marshals on August 18 after concluding that their fire department fell outside Virginia’s statutory definition of an authorized agency. The county attorney said the searches concerned legitimate law-enforcement work and identified no personal misuse. His concern that evidence might be inadmissible was a legal assessment, not a court suppression ruling.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original local reporting on statutory access eligibility and county attorney statements; no personal-misuse finding

Previously: National

Corrected: Georgia

Previously: National

Corrected: Alpharetta, Georgia

Previously: Uses audit records to document repeated personal searches and questionable search justifications.

Corrected: WIRED’s records investigation describes Alpharetta officer Dustin Bozzo’s alleged searches for a former partner and another officer. He resigned after an internal investigation, while a criminal investigation remained open when the report appeared. This is a records-based account of allegations and employment consequences, not a conviction.

Previously: Investigation or analysis

Corrected: Original public-records investigation of an Alpharetta officer; criminal allegations unresolved

Previously: National

Corrected: Georgia

Previously: National

Corrected: Alpharetta, Georgia; nationwide data-sharing partners

Previously: Shows why an audit must cover both outside access to local data and local access to data supplied by other organizations.

Corrected: WIRED’s records investigation reports that more than 2,000 organizations could access Alpharetta’s Flock data and that Alpharetta received data from more than 1,300 entities. These are sharing relationships, not counts of proven misuse or successful searches. The report examines access settings and responses from police and Flock.

Previously: Investigation or analysis

Corrected: Original public-records investigation of local and nationwide ALPR data-sharing settings

Previously: July 14, 2025

Corrected: July 15, 2025

Previously: San Francisco and Oakland police illegally shared license plate data with federal agencies

Corrected: ABC7 reports possible unlawful federal ALPR sharing and Oakland’s response

Previously: Additional local reporting on federal access and agency explanations.

Corrected: ABC7 follows its partner The San Francisco Standard’s reporting that San Francisco and Oakland appeared to share ALPR data contrary to state restrictions. Oakland denied that its members provided information to ICE and said it was reviewing whether federal-related access complied with law. The report adds the department’s response; it is not a court ruling.

Previously: Investigation or analysis

Corrected: Local follow-up to partner reporting with an original police response; legality not judicially resolved

Previously: Motion filed September 1, 2026; committee consideration scheduled September 8, 2026

Corrected: Filed September 1, 2026; committee entry September 8; council agenda September 10

Previously: Agenda-ready motion; not approved and no ordinance drafted or enacted

Corrected: Accessible official record says Agenda Ready; final action is not recorded and remains under verification

Previously: Cincinnati uses Axon license plate readers rather than Flock. The motion requests future analysis and legislation; it does not itself change current policy, suspend readers, or enact any safeguard.

Corrected: Cincinnati uses Axon readers. The motion seeks a report and a draft ordinance; it is not itself an ALPR restriction. The accessible legislative record lists no final action, so the tracker cannot confirm either approval or rejection without final minutes.

Previously: WVXU reports that Councilmembers Anna Albi, Seth Walsh, and Jeff Cramerding submitted Motion 202602632 seeking a 30-day administration report on city cameras, drones, license plate readers, retention, and sharing, plus a draft ordinance limiting storage and sharing, requiring annual impact reports and use policies, and requiring council approval of surveillance contracts. Cincinnati uses Axon readers rather than Flock. The motion is scheduled for possible committee action on September 8; it has not been approved and no ordinance has been drafted or enacted.

Corrected: WVXU reports that Councilmembers Anna Albi, Seth Walsh and Jeff Cramerding submitted Motion 202602632 requesting a 30-day surveillance inventory and a draft ordinance governing storage, sharing, impact reports, use policies and contracts. Cincinnati uses Axon readers. The accessible official record lists September 8 committee consideration and a September 10 council agenda, but still shows Agenda Ready without a final action; the outcome remains under verification.

Previously: Original local reporting with official legislative record

Corrected: Original local reporting with an official legislative record whose final action is not recorded

Previously: A Gadsden County agenda item schedules a September 14 commission vote on whether to prevent automatic renewal of the county's Flock agreement, which expires October 1 and otherwise renews for two years. The county has paid $162,000 from federal recovery and general-revenue funds, and nonrenewal would avoid a reported $77,500 annual cost. Sheriff Morris Young had already temporarily suspended deputies' use. The suspension is confirmed, but contract nonrenewal remains a pending proposal and no completed removal has been announced.

Corrected: WCTV’s September 11 report previewed a September 14 vote to prevent renewal of Gadsden County’s Flock agreement, due to expire October 1, after the sheriff suspended use. It reported $162,000 paid and a $77,500 annual cost. WCTV’s follow-up instead described more than $77,000 in savings every two years, while separate local reporting supports annual pricing. The cost period remains disputed pending the signed agreement. The later nonrenewal vote is tracked in the September 14 follow-up.

Previously: Original local reporting based on a county agenda item and sheriff statement; operational pause confirmed and nonrenewal vote pending

Corrected: Original local pre-vote reporting; superseded procedural status and conflicting cost period explicitly identified

Previously: The Gadsden County Commission voted 4-1 on September 14 to provide notice and allow the county's Flock agreement to expire October 1. Sheriff Morris Young had already suspended deputies' use of the system. The vote resolves the previously pending nonrenewal proposal and is expected to avoid more than $77,000 in costs over two years. It does not establish that hardware has already been removed, that retained data has been deleted, or that final contract closeout is complete.

Corrected: Gadsden commissioners voted 4–1 on September 14 to let the Flock agreement expire October 1 after the sheriff suspended use. WCTV reports savings of more than $77,000 every two years; other original local reporting says $77,500 annually. The period remains unresolved without the signed pricing terms. The vote does not establish completed camera removal, data deletion or contractual closeout.

Previously: Original local follow-up reporting confirming a completed 4-1 contract-nonrenewal vote; removal and closeout remain pending

Corrected: Original local follow-up on a final nonrenewal vote; reported savings period conflicts with other reporting

Previously: 2026

Corrected: Effective July 15, 2026

Previously: Kentucky now regulates permitted uses, written policies, traffic stop procedures, sharing, and retention. Captured data generally may not be kept beyond 90 days unless an investigation, claim, or preservation exception applies.

Corrected: The statute regulates authorized uses, written policies, human verification before traffic stops, sharing and retention. Its general 90-day limit has enumerated lawful-purpose exceptions, including investigations, insurance claims, redacted training, auditing and required preservation. It permits specified disclosures to insurers, the National Insurance Crime Bureau and financial institutions under statutory conditions.

Previously: The statute is useful for comparing Prescott Valley practices against a current legislative model covering alerts, human verification, retention, private entities, and documented policies.

Corrected: This is a Kentucky statute, not a nationwide or Arizona rule. Its commercial-use provisions establish legal permissions subject to conditions; they do not show that Prescott Valley sells data or shares it with insurers or lenders.

Previously: June 2026

Corrected: Updated July 17, 2026

Previously: thedrive.com

Corrected: The Drive

Previously: Plymouth police tracked a different automobile writer for days and then detained him and his wife in a Kohl’s parking lot after a similar misread issue involving a Range Rover test vehicle. Automobile journalist Tim Esterdahl was pulled over by police after misreading the license plate of a Range Rover test vehicle.

Corrected: Joel Feder describes his June 2026 detention with his wife in Plymouth after a partial plate entry, Flock alert and failed human verification led police to suspect a loaned Range Rover was stolen. The article also reports Tim Esterdahl’s separate July stop in Nebraska involving another similar plate. Flock said its system matched the supplied characters and officers should verify alerts; the Plymouth chief acknowledged mistakes. These are reported events and responses, not adjudicated violations.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Firsthand journalism and original interviews, with a separately reported similar stop

Previously: July 2025

Corrected: July 10, 2025

Previously: The administrator of Richmond’s license plate reader system granted access to the system of an analyst with the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. That analyst subsequently made searches for immigration enforcement in violation of department policy.

Corrected: Richmond’s official statement says it terminated an ATF analyst’s access on June 11 after discovering searches that RPD considered contrary to its immigration-enforcement policy. The analyst searched 49 distinct plates, returning more than 400 results; 14 plates were HSI-related. ATF said those inquiries concerned criminal rather than civil immigration cases and resulted in no apprehension based solely on the data. These are agency accounts, not judicial findings.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Official city and police announcement presenting RPD’s policy finding and ATF’s response

Previously: September 6, 2026

Corrected: September 5, 2026

Previously: Cincinnati motion seeks surveillance inventory and ordinance governing Axon ALPRs

Corrected: Cincinnati council passes motion seeking surveillance inventory and draft ordinance

Previously: WVXU reports that Councilmembers Anna Albi, Seth Walsh and Jeff Cramerding submitted Motion 202602632 requesting a 30-day surveillance inventory and a draft ordinance governing storage, sharing, impact reports, use policies and contracts. Cincinnati uses Axon readers. The accessible official record lists September 8 committee consideration and a September 10 council agenda, but still shows Agenda Ready without a final action; the outcome remains under verification.

Corrected: WVXU’s September 10 update reports that council unanimously passed the motion requesting a surveillance inventory and a draft ordinance. Cincinnati uses Axon technology. The motion asks city staff for a report within 30 days and proposed rules for surveillance use, sharing, storage, annual reporting and contract approval. Passing this request does not itself enact those substantive surveillance limits.

Previously: The Board of Commissioners voted 4-0 to cancel the county's Flock contract. The Sheriff's Office then disabled national data sharing, removed current employees' system access, notified Flock and the State Bureau of Investigation, and said it was ending participation. The $219,000 agreement covered 36 cameras and had been scheduled through 2027. Contract termination and access shutdown are confirmed; the timetable for physical camera removal and final contractual closeout remains under verification.

Corrected: New Hanover County commissioners voted 4–0 on September 8 to end the Flock agreement. WECT reports that the $219,000 contract covered 20 readers. The sheriff’s office began ending access and working with officials on termination; Flock is responsible for equipment removal. State Bureau of Investigation cameras and systems operated by other municipalities are outside this contract. Completed removal and final closeout remain unverified.

Previously: Iowa inventory identifies at least 861 plate readers across more than 60 communities

Corrected: Iowa report cites 861 mapped readers and ALPR use in more than 60 communities

Previously: Axios reports that at least 861 automated plate readers have been documented in more than 60 Iowa communities. That figure combines the crowdsourced Finding Flock project with records and research cited from the ACLU of Iowa and is not an official statewide inventory. The report says Waukee and Indianola discontinued their cameras, Dallas County paused a planned rollout pending legislative guidance, and Des Moines uses 130 Motorola readers that are not included in the cited Polk County Finding Flock total. Additional statewide safeguards remain prospective for the 2027 legislative session.

Corrected: Axios reports that Finding Flock documented at least 861 automated plate readers in Iowa. Separately, ACLU of Iowa research identified ALPR use in more than 60 communities. These are different inventories, not a combined official statewide count. Des Moines uses 130 Motorola readers that are not included in the cited Polk County Finding Flock total. The report says Waukee and Indianola discontinued their cameras and Dallas County paused a planned rollout pending legislative guidance. Additional statewide safeguards remain prospective for the 2027 legislative session.

Previously: Braselton Police said an internal investigation found that an unidentified officer improperly used the town's Flock system during 2024 and 2025. The officer was terminated August 20, and the matter was referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. No arrest, criminal charge or GBI finding has been announced. The department said a broader audit found no additional misuse among current authorized employees, but the underlying audit has not been independently reviewed. Braselton also reduced authorized users from 23 to 14, limited access to supervisors and specialized units, required a case number and law-enforcement purpose for each search, enabled automated abnormal-use blocking, and instituted weekly command-staff log reviews.

Corrected: Braselton Police said an internal investigation found that an unidentified officer improperly used the town’s Flock system during 2024 and 2025. The officer was terminated August 20, and the matter was referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. No arrest, criminal charge or GBI finding is established by this report. The department said a broader audit found no additional misuse, but the underlying audit has not been independently reviewed. Police said safeguards introduced earlier in the year reduced authorized users from 23 to 14, required a case number and law-enforcement purpose for each search, and instituted weekly search-log audits.

Previously: The New York Post reports that audit data obtained and shared by Hempstead defense attorney Richard Hochhauser show 2,794 manual Flock database searches in June: 1,112 by Nassau County police, 1,194 by Suffolk County police and 500 attributed to Suffolk County District Attorney Ray Tierney's office. Manual searches are officer-initiated queries rather than automatic hot-list alerts. The figures document reported search volume, not whether individual searches were justified or lawful. The underlying audit files were not published with the report, and no government audit finding, judicial ruling, misuse determination or program restriction was announced.

Corrected: The New York Post reports 2,794 manual Flock database searches in June based on audit data shared by Hempstead defense attorney Richard Hochhauser. The agency figures currently cited—1,112 for Nassau County police, 1,194 for Suffolk County police and 500 for the Suffolk County district attorney’s office—sum to 2,806, so the breakdown does not reconcile with the reported total and remains under verification. The underlying audit files were not published with the report. Manual-search volume alone does not establish whether searches were justified or lawful.

Previously: KBTX reports that the Brazos County Sheriff's Office owns ten Flock readers installed beginning in May under an October 2025 contract. Sheriff Wayne Dicky said about 20 of the agency's nearly 300 employees are trained and authorized to search the system; written procedures require a documented reason, case number and plate or vehicle description. The agency reported 30 searches in the preceding 30 days, a 30-day retention period and searches and sharing limited to Texas. Those safeguards and the statement that no confirmed internal misuse is known are agency representations, not an independent audit finding. The cameras remain active and the contract is not due for renewal until 2027. KBTX also reports that College Station's council is expected to consider its separate renewal September 24; no outcome has occurred.

Corrected: KBTX reports that the Brazos County Sheriff's Office owns ten Flock readers installed beginning in May under an October 2025 contract. Sheriff Wayne Dicky said about 20 of the agency's nearly 300 employees are trained and authorized to search the system; written procedures require a documented reason, case number and plate or vehicle description. The agency reported 30 searches in the preceding 30 days, a 30-day retention period and searches and sharing limited to Texas. Those safeguards and the statement that no confirmed internal misuse is known are agency representations, not an independent audit finding. The cameras remain active and the contract is not due for renewal until 2027. As of this September 21 report, College Station’s separate September 24 renewal vote was still scheduled. The later renewal outcome is covered in the tracker’s College Station renewal report.

Previously: The Palm Beach Post reports that Boynton Beach commissioners voted unanimously September 16 not to renew a roughly $60,000 FlockOS software contract when it expires November 18. Police Chief Joseph DeGiulio said the department preferred software from Avigilon, Motorola and Axon. The city will continue using Flock cameras it purchased in 2023, so this is a dashboard and software-provider exit rather than an ALPR shutdown, camera removal, privacy restriction or finding of misuse. The city's official meeting archive confirms the September 16 regular commission meeting and its video record; an independent meeting index also identifies the recorded vote to end FlockOS use.

Corrected: The Palm Beach Post reports that Boynton Beach commissioners unanimously voted September 16 not to renew the roughly $60,000 FlockOS dashboard contract when it expires November 18. Police plan to use other software while continuing their existing Flock cameras. Separately, Chief Joseph DeGiulio said officers now need a case number to search plate data, and the department will reduce retention from 30 to seven days. Additional sharing and user-access restrictions are being considered. The software nonrenewal is a provider change, not a camera shutdown; the case-number rule is an active administrative restriction, while completion of the shorter-retention transition remains unverified.

Previously: September 25, 2026

Corrected: September 24, 2026

Previously: September 21, 2026

Corrected: September 24, 2026

Previously: September 22, 2026

Corrected: September 24, 2026

Previously: Not separately listed in court tracker

Corrected: Claims dismissed; reconsideration and recusal denied. Later docket and appellate status under verification.

Corrected: Judge Benita Y. Pearson dismissed the second amended complaint under Rule 12(b)(6). The pleaded facts did not establish Flock as a state actor or a plausible constitutional claim against it; Ohio products-liability and tort claims also failed. The March 20, 2025 order denied the motions to alter or amend judgment and to recuse.

Previously: August 14, 2026

Corrected: August 13, 2026

Previously: Documents proposals for stronger oversight, quarterly audits, user controls, and an independent audit.

Corrected: Scottsdale described existing quarterly audits and user controls, alongside plans for an independent audit and an ordinance addressing intentional misuse.

Previously: Investigation or analysis

Corrected: Original local policy reporting

Previously: Former officer Joshua McDaniels resigned at the conclusion of an investigation that found he improperly used Flock to look up the location of his wife.

Corrected: Former Apache Junction officer Joshua McDaniel resigned after an internal investigation found improper personal use of Flock to locate his wife. Arizona’s Family’s subsequent records reporting confirms the name and describes an April 19 search and discipline for two dispatchers who helped. The police chief said McDaniel would otherwise have been fired.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original local reporting; identity and records details corroborated by Arizona’s Family

Previously: A Flock camera misread a digit on an innocent couple’s vehicle, prompting officers to pull the over and order them out of the car at gunpoint.

Corrected: KATV reports that a Flock camera misread one letter on a couple’s license plate as matching a stolen vehicle, leading to a February 2026 gunpoint stop in Sherwood. This describes an erroneous alert and police response, not a court finding of liability.

Previously: January 2023

Corrected: July 31, 2026; records cover 2023–2024

Previously: Flock sent 1,427 alerts to Roseville police over two years, flagging cars as stolen or used in a felony. In 71% of them, the cameras read the plates incorrectly.

Corrected: Business Insider found misread plates in 71% of 1,427 stolen-vehicle or felony alerts sent to Roseville police during 2023–2024. That percentage describes this alert sample, not all camera reads or a nationwide error rate. Police said the incorrect alerts did not result in stops or arrests. Flock attributed the results to local installation conditions and older hardware and disputed broader conclusions.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original investigation based on agency records; local sample with police and vendor responses

Previously: Based on a Flock capture, officers mistook an innocent driver’s car for one that was at the scene of an attempted carjacking. The driver was jailed for nearly one month.

Corrected: Times of San Diego reports that Hugo Parra, the passenger in a vehicle driven by Ariel Beltran, spent nearly one month in jail before charges were dropped. Parra’s attorney says investigators incorrectly linked the car to an attempted carjacking despite a camera capture five miles away. The account does not establish an adjudicated finding of police or vendor liability.

Previously: April 2026

Corrected: July 23, 2026; alleged conduct April–July 2026

Previously: Paige Forte, a supervisor in the Conyers Police Department’s Real-Time Crime Center, was fired and charged after allegedly using the Flock system to monitor her domestic partner’s location.

Corrected: GBI announced that Conyers Real-Time Crime Center supervisor Paige Forte was arrested July 22, 2026, after allegedly using ALPR access more than 30 times to monitor a domestic partner. The charges are allegations. The linked reporting and GBI announcement do not establish the prior archive claim that she was fired; that employment outcome remains under verification.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Local reporting corroborated by an official GBI charging announcement

Previously: August 2026

Corrected: September 1, 2026

Previously: Investigator Justin Brown was fired and referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for potential criminal charges after allegedly using the Flock system for non-law enforcement reasons at least twice. Investigator Michael Atkins was fired and referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for potential criminal charges after allegedly using the Flock system for non-law enforcement reasons at least four times.

Corrected: Hall County fired investigators Justin Brown and Michael Atkins after identifying at least two and four allegedly unauthorized Flock searches, respectively. The August 25 report says Brown’s case was referred to GBI for potential criminal charges; Atkins’ internal investigation remained ongoing. It does not establish that both cases were referred or that either officer was convicted.

Previously: Isaac Whitus was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras. Brittney Smith was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras. Nicholas Richardson was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras. Jade Jackson was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras. Tytianna Davis was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras.

Corrected: GBI announced the arrests of five former Albany officers—Issac Whitus, Brittney Smith, Nicholas Richardson, Jade Jackson and Tytianna Davis—following an investigation into alleged ALPR misuse. The five were fired, according to the accompanying news report. Arrests and charges do not establish guilt.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Local reporting corroborated by official GBI charging announcement

Previously: wwnytv.com

Corrected: Atlanta News First / Gray News, republished by WWNY

Previously: One of three unnamed officers fired and under criminal investigation for allegedly using Flock cameras to look up information on themselves, friends or family members.

Corrected: Atlanta News First reports that three Fayetteville officers were fired after an internal review found unauthorized Flock searches involving themselves, friends or relatives. The department requested a GBI criminal investigation; no charges were announced in the report. This WWNY page republishes the same underlying story and is not independent corroboration.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Syndicated local reporting; original credit Atlanta News First

Previously: July 2026

Corrected: August 21, 2026

Previously: Officer Matthew Rich was fired and charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system and one count of violation of oath of office. Officer Donald Phillips was fired and charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system and one count of violation of oath of office. Officer Marquis Dillard was fired charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system and one count of violation of oath of office.

Corrected: GBI arrested four former Savannah Police Department employees: officers Marquis Dillard, Donald Phillips and Matthew Rich, and civilian employee Calandic Thomas. Each faced two alleged ALPR-misuse counts; the three former officers also faced oath-of-office charges. The August 21 report describes arrests and charging allegations, not convictions.

Previously: Lieutenant Chris Bryant was fired and jailed for allegedly misusing the license plate reader database. Sargeant Mike Creeden was fired and jailed for allegedly misusing the license plate reader database.

Corrected: Lieutenant Chris Bryant was fired and jailed for allegedly misusing the license plate reader database. Sergeant Mike Creeden was fired and jailed for allegedly misusing the license plate reader database.

Previously: An unnamed officer was fired for an unspecified Flock violation after a news organization requested records related to misuse of license plate readers.

Corrected: Itasca said an unnamed officer was no longer employed following a Flock-related investigation, and records were referred for prosecutor review. ABC7 does not identify whether the officer resigned or was fired, so the former archive description of a firing remains under verification. No criminal charge or conviction is established by this report.

Previously: Officer Cohen Piechocinski was accused of conducted multiple unauthorized Flock searches of his personal vehicles. His Flock privileges were revoked and the department is considering discipline. Officer Terrance Mastrino resigned in the middle of an investigation into alleged misuse of the Flock system triggered by an individual who had discovered their plate had been looked up on HaveIBeenFlocked.

Corrected: Officer Cohen Piechocinski was accused of conducting multiple unauthorized Flock searches of his personal vehicles. His Flock privileges were revoked and the department is considering discipline. Officer Terrance Mastrino resigned in the middle of an investigation into alleged misuse of the Flock system triggered by an individual who had discovered their plate had been looked up on HaveIBeenFlocked.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Public-records material supplied by an advocacy archive; document details awaiting readable-copy verification

Previously: According to internal documents obtained by stopflock.org, Officer Jaila Cole-Clark ran hundreds of Flock searches for her former domestic partner and that individual’s new partner. Cole-Clark resigned from department in the middle of the investigation.

Corrected: According to internal records described by stopflock.org and subsequent advocacy reporting, Matteson officer Jaila Cole-Clark made hundreds of searches involving a former partner and that person’s new partner, then resigned during the investigation. The linked 55-page records file was accessible but not readable in this audit, so the exact count and document-level details remain under verification.

Previously: July 2025

Corrected: May 8, 2026

Previously: Former Sheriff’s Deputy Tyler Bryan was charged with stalking and official misconduct after allegedly using the department’s ALPR system to monitor the locations of an ex-girlfriend and her new partner. The misconduct came to light after the victims filed for an order of protection against Bryan.

Corrected: Illinois State Police confirms that Tyler C. Bryan, formerly with Cherry Valley police and the Winnebago County Sheriff’s Office, was arrested May 8, 2026, on two stalking and two official-misconduct counts and had resigned from both agencies. Secondary surveillance-abuse databases attribute the case to ALPR tracking of an ex-partner and another person. The linked news report and ISP announcement do not confirm those ALPR details or the claimed protection-order trigger; those details remain under verification against charging records.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Local reporting and official charging announcement; specific ALPR allegation partially corroborated

Previously: Lieutenant Jeremy Harrison was fired from the agency after using Flock cameras to track the location of a female officer.

Corrected: Joliet’s police chief ordered Lt. Jeremy Harrison’s termination in December 2025 over alleged Flock misuse and other conduct. Harrison challenged the decision; Police and Fire Board proceedings were still pending in September 2026 reporting, when he sought court access to the hearing recording. His attorneys dispute improper Flock use. This is a contested disciplinary matter, not a completed criminal finding or an established final board decision.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original local reporting on contested employee discipline and related litigation

Previously: One of two unnamed Lynn officers placed on administrative leave after an audit uncovered “a concerning pattern” in some Flock searches.

Corrected: Two unnamed Lynn officers were placed on paid administrative leave after an audit identified concerning Flock-search patterns. The August 20 report describes an investigation; leave alone is not a sustained misuse finding or criminal conviction.

Previously: New Bedford officer Emily Pacheco was placed on leave and an investigation was opened after her ex-girlfriend filed for an abuse prevention order against her. Pacheco allegedly stalked her ex using Flock cameras.

Corrected: An ex-partner accused New Bedford officer Emily Pacheco of using Flock to track her and sought an abuse-prevention order. The union confirmed an internal investigation involving Pacheco. Police separately announced an unnamed officer’s leave but did not confirm that officer was Pacheco. The stalking and ALPR allegations remain distinct from any final criminal or disciplinary ruling.

Previously: An outside investigation found that an unnamed officer committed “sustained policy violations” by using the Flock system to track the location of his ex-wife during their divorce proceedings.

Corrected: Brentwood’s internal investigation sustained policy violations involving an officer accused of tracking his ex-wife with Flock during divorce proceedings. The department sought outside review; St. Louis County police reportedly found no criminal-law violation. The internal policy finding, outside criminal review and former spouse’s allegations are separate conclusions.

Previously: An EFF investigation found that Sparks Police Department receives “immigration violation” hot list alerts from ICE, despite internal policy prohibiting the Flock system from being used for immigration enforcement.

Corrected: EFF’s records analysis found Sparks police receiving Flock alerts from an NCIC immigration-violation hotlist populated by ICE, despite a local restriction on immigration-enforcement use. This describes alerts delivered to local police; it does not by itself establish that ICE automatically received alerts or that every match produced immigration enforcement.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Legal institute reporting and policy analysis

Previously: wdbj7.com

Corrected: WBTV / Gray News, republished by WDBJ

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Syndicated local reporting; original credit WBTV / Gray News

Previously: Police officer used department cameras to track civilian

Corrected: Mooresville officer charged over alleged Flock tracking of boyfriend’s ex-wife

Previously: An Akron Police Department analyst and officer tracked a prominent activist who had been critical of police using “activist recording” as the reason for the search, which violated department policy

Corrected: Signal Akron found more than 37,000 poorly documented searches in five months of 2025 logs. In the separate Autumn Riddle complaint, searches included the reason “activist recording.” An internal review found inadequate documentation violated policy but did not find retaliation or harassment; the independent police auditor agreed the entries failed to explain an investigative basis. Poor documentation does not establish that every search was unlawful.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original records-based investigation distinguishing documentation findings from disputed motive

Previously: August 2024

Corrected: February 24, 2025; underlying conduct in 2024

Previously: Former officer Michelle Berling was sentenced to five years of probation after allegedly tampering with Flock data and images.

Corrected: Former West Chester officer Michelle Berling pleaded guilty to evidence tampering involving Flock data and images and received five years of community control on February 24, 2025. This is a resolved criminal charge, rather than an allegation-only disciplinary report.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Official prosecutor charging announcement; allegations not a conviction

Previously: Reynoldsville officer Alissa Birkhimer resigned in the midst of an investigation into possible Flock misuse. Reynoldsburg officer Mark Nichols resigned after an investigation found he searched for the license plates of a former domestic partner.

Corrected: Reynoldsburg officers Alissa Birkhimer and Mark Nichols resigned before internal-investigation interviews concerning possible Flock misuse. Records later described Nichols’ unauthorized searches, including a former domestic partner’s plate. Birkhimer’s separate inquiry should not be treated as having the same findings or criminal outcome.

Previously: March 2023

Corrected: April 15, 2024; reconsideration denied March 20, 2025

Previously: Memorandum of Opinion and Order For the reasons set forth herein, Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint (ECF No. 22 ) is granted. This action is dismissed pursuant to Federal Civil ProcedureRule 12(b)( 6). The Court certifies, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), that an appeal from this decision could not be taken in good faith. Defendant's first and second motions to dismiss (ECF No. 7 and ECF No. 11 ), Defendant's Motion to Stay Discovery (ECF No. 12 ), Plaintiff's Motion to Strike Flock's Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Stay Discovery (ECF No. 14 ), Plaintiff's Motion to Strike Affirmative Defenses (ECF No. 26 ), and Plaintiff's Motion for Court Expert Witnesses (ECF No. 31 ) are denied as moot. All case management dates are cancelled. Judge Benita Y. Pearson on 4/15/2024. (JLG)

Corrected: Smith v. Flock Safety: claims dismissed after a stop triggered by a stale hotlist entry

Previously: After officers failed to remove a license plate from a hot list, they pulled over and detained an innocent driver.

Corrected: In Smith v. Flock Safety, No. 5:23-cv-2198, the Northern District of Ohio dismissed the pleaded claims against the vendor on April 15, 2024. The background involved a March 2023 stop after Cleveland police had not removed a resolved missing-person alert. The separate case against the township and officers settled. Reconsideration was denied March 20, 2025. These trial-court orders do not establish a nationwide ruling on the constitutionality of all ALPR searches.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Primary federal trial-court opinion and reconsideration order

Previously: According to public records obtained by DeFlock OKC, Oklahoma City Sergeant Keenan Heskett received a three-day suspension after searching the Flock database for personal reasons over a period of several months. The police department investigated Heskett’s Flock use after receiving a complaint from a member of the public.

Corrected: Records-based reporting attributes a three-day suspension to Oklahoma City Sergeant Keenan Heskett for personal Flock searches over several months. The live DeFlockOKC page no longer displays the exact original passage. Independent KOKH reporting corroborates discipline and describes an internal audit; a separate public complaint concerned another officer. The original claim that a public complaint triggered Heskett’s investigation remains under verification.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Advocacy records analysis with independent local-reporting corroboration; investigation trigger disputed

Previously: 404 Media reports that a Johnson County officer searched a nationwide network of more than 83,000 cameras for a woman who reportedly self-administered an abortion. The sheriff said relatives were concerned for her safety and described the search as a welfare effort. The report raises reproductive-health surveillance concerns; it does not establish through a court finding that the officer was investigating an abortion offense.

Corrected: 404 Media reported a nationwide search across more than 83,000 cameras for a woman who had self-administered an abortion. The sheriff later described a welfare purpose. October 2025 reporting on a sworn warrant affidavit showed an abortion-related death investigation and consultation about possible charges; a prosecutor advised that the woman could not be charged for taking the pills. A later supplemental report supplied the welfare explanation. These records complicate the sheriff’s account, but do not establish that the woman was prosecuted or that a court ruled the ALPR search unlawful.

Previously: Original investigative reporting with the sheriff’s stated welfare-check explanation; purpose not adjudicated

Corrected: Original investigative reporting with later records-based follow-up; official explanations distinguished from documentary evidence

Previously: Pasadena Sargeant Michael Palitz resigned while under investigation for allegedly misusing the department’s Flock camera system. Officials told news outlet KPRC 2 that Palitz was using the cameras to “track and stalk a female officer.”

Corrected: Pasadena Sergeant Michael Palitz resigned before an internal investigation into alleged Flock misuse concluded. FOX26 attributed the claim that he tracked a female officer to Pasadena councilmember Emmanuel Guerrero. The allegation is not an adjudicated stalking finding.

Previously: Officer Josue Ayala allegedly used the department’s network of Flock ALPRs to track a woman he was dating and her ex-partner nearly 180 times over a two-month period. Ayala resigned in 2026 after being charged with misconduct in public office.

Corrected: Prosecutors accused former Milwaukee officer Josue Ayala of 179 personal Flock searches involving a woman he was dating and her ex-partner between March 26 and May 26, 2025. He resigned and was charged with one misdemeanor count of attempted misconduct in public office. He pleaded not guilty. The count and allegations should not be described as a felony conviction or established criminal guilt.

Previously: Outside access and network sharing

Corrected: Stalking or personal tracking

Previously: Officer Cristian Morales was placed on leave and charged with misconduct in office after his ex-girlfriend filed a complaint alleging that he used a Flock system to track her.

Corrected: The original report covers Cristian Morales being placed on leave and charged after an ex-partner complained about Flock tracking. Later Wisconsin Examiner and WLUK/WTAQ reporting says he pleaded no contest, was convicted and received six months in jail plus three years’ probation on August 17, 2026. A judge denied release during his sentence appeal on August 19. The sentencing outcome supersedes the earlier allegation-only status.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Original charging report with independently reported conviction and sentencing follow-up

Previously: Sheriff’s Deputy Frank McGrath resigned with severance pay after internal investigators found he used the department’s Flock system to keep tabs on another deputy with whom he was romantically involved. He was charged with two felonies in August 2026.

Corrected: Kenosha County Eye describes Frank McGrath’s resignation with severance following an internal finding of personal Flock tracking and its editor’s March 2026 John Doe petition. Later WISN reporting in August states that McGrath was charged with two felonies. The charging update comes from that later reporting, not the March petition; charges remain allegations and no conviction is established here.

Previously: Incident reporting

Corrected: Reporting by a records requester/litigation petitioner, supplemented by independent later charging coverage

Previously: August 26, 2026, database updated September 3, 2026

Corrected: August 26, 2026; database updated September 30, 2026

Previously: The continuously updated database identifies 163 local governments that canceled, terminated, defunded, or declined to renew ALPR contracts beginning in 2025. It links to the underlying source for each jurisdiction. This tracker separately flags temporary pauses, partial reductions, provider switches, and proposed actions so they are not counted as completed cancellations.

Corrected: The Institute for Justice database reports 247 local governments with qualifying ALPR-contract cancellations as of September 30, 2026, replacing the September 22 snapshot of 227. This is IJ’s attributed count using its criteria, not this site’s independently verified count. The site separately distinguishes completed cancellations, temporary pauses, partial reductions, provider switches and proposals.

Previously: Legal institute research

Corrected: Legal institute research; dated third-party database count

Previously: Commissioner Cole Heisey moved to set a future vote on terminating the county's eight-camera Flock agreement and imposing an indefinite county ALPR moratorium. The scheduling motion failed 1-4. No termination, moratorium, or other policy change was adopted, and commissioners said the subject could return through the normal agenda process.

Corrected: Commissioner Cole Heisey moved to schedule a later vote on ending Minnehaha County’s eight-camera Flock agreement and imposing an indefinite ALPR moratorium. Dakota News Now confirms the scheduling motion failed. The archive’s reported 1–4 tally remains under verification against official minutes. No termination or moratorium was adopted by this motion; the subject could return through normal agenda procedures.

Previously: September 1, 2026

Corrected: September 1, 2026; official update September 8, 2026

Previously: Panama City CRA removes fiscal-year 2027 funding for Flock equipment

Corrected: Panama City defunds CRA Flock equipment and votes to remove 41 state-right-of-way cameras

Previously: The Community Redevelopment Agency board voted 5-0 to remove fiscal-year 2027 funding for Flock equipment. The city will remove readers from state rights-of-way under the Florida transportation directive, but broader city use and any contract cancellation remain unresolved pending further commission discussion and review of cancellation costs.

Corrected: The Panama City CRA board voted 5–0 on September 1 to remove fiscal-year 2027 Flock-equipment funding. An official September 8 update says the City Commission unanimously directed termination and removal of 41 cameras in state rights-of-way under the FDOT directive. Commissioners also requested options and costs for the remaining city cameras. This is a confirmed partial removal decision; the announcement does not establish cancellation of every city camera or the separate school-zone speed program.

Previously: A proposed amicus brief filed in United States v. Sant says DHS obtained more than three years of financial records concerning SEIU, Communications Workers of America, International Federation of Professional Technical Engineers, Sunrise Movement, and Voices for Racial Justice through Section 1509 demands. The brief says returned material included debits, credits, annuity and strike payments, dues, medical expenses, and pension-fund expenses. These are amici's characterizations in support of a defense discovery motion, not a judicial holding; the court has not ruled that the summonses were unlawful.

Corrected: A proposed amicus brief in United States v. Sant says DHS sought more than three years of union financial records through Section 1509 demands and obtained materials involving SEIU, CWA, IFPTE, Sunrise Movement and Voices for Racial Justice. Amici describe returned debits, credits, dues, annuity and strike payments, medical expenses and pension expenses. The brief does not establish that more than three years of every named entity’s records were returned. These are litigation characterizations supporting discovery, not a judicial holding that the demands were unlawful.